CONCLUSIONS: Global T2DM prevalence reflects the interaction of biological, social, and health system processes rather than incidence alone. Prevalence trajectories must be interpreted in light of surveillance limitations, diagnostic context, and within-disease heterogeneity. Addressing future burden requires combining improved detection and chronic-care capacity with upstream, life-course-oriented prevention strategies.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study of US Hispanic/Latino adults, VI and CVD risk factor prevalence varied by ethnic background, and diabetes and cumulative CVD risk factors were associated with VI. The findings provide updated prevalence estimates and support the need for longitudinal studies of causal relationships between VI and CVD risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Rare but life-threatening ischemic and malignant arrhythmic AEs associated with PFA underscore the need for structured surveillance and standardized reporting. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms will be essential to identify patients at risk and guide future studies aimed at further improving the safety of PFA.

CONCLUSIONS: Increasing representation of underrepresented populations in cardiovascular trials requires transparent, accessible communication and trust-centered recruitment strategies. Leveraging trusted healthcare providers and community-based outreach is critical to advancing equity in cardiovascular research.